The design of a mechanical component or equipment is basically an exercise of creativity triggered by a specific need. Different tools are available to evaluate, optimize a design solution and guarantee the structural integrity. Between them, test rig and prototype development, use of measurement techniques and methodologies, measurement analysis, presentation and uncertainty evaluation, data acquisition and monitoring systems, data wireless communication and remote actuation, data treatment, development numerical models and industry study cases, used in, plays an important role. It is related to such diverse disciplines as physical and mechanical sciences, engineering, materials, and uses experimental methodologies to evaluate the structural behavior of mechanical systems. During the last few decades the development of computer based techniques as well as laser-optical methods, among many other technological advances, added a new dimension to guarantee structural integrity of mechanical components, improve their durability and safe use. The special journal thus contributes significant and improved knowledge in the contemporary scientific and industrial fields and controlling the durability of the mechanical components.